PXD055624-1

PXD055624 is an original dataset announced via ProteomeXchange.

Title	Earliest evidence of Neanderthal multifunctional bone tool production from cave lion (Panthera spelaea) remains
Description	Scladina Cave, a key Middle Paleolithic site in Belgium, has yielded the earliest documented evidence of Neanderthals using cave lion bones as tools. This study focuses on stratigraphic Unit 5 (MIS 6), where four bone retouchers were identified. The diaphyseal fragment of the tibia reconstituted using two of the retouchers shows prior use as an intermediate tool (chisel) before being deliberately fractured and each of the fragments used separately as a retoucher. These tools display typical use-wear patterns made on fresh bones. ZooMS and LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed their identification as cave lion bones. Despite their well-documented coexistence and likely competition, evidence of interaction between these two predators is rare. The deliberate exploitation of cave lion remains at Scladina Cave suggests a complex relationship between Neanderthals and large carnivores. This behavior parallels their exploitation of cave bears, evidenced by anthropogenic modifications. The presence of cut marks and intentional modifications on relatively fresh carcasses indicates that Neanderthals knowingly utilized remains of their ecological competitors.
HostingRepository	PRIDE
AnnounceDate	2025-07-04
AnnouncementXML	Submission_2025-07-04_06:33:26.359.xml
DigitalObjectIdentifier
ReviewLevel	Peer-reviewed dataset
DatasetOrigin	Original dataset
RepositorySupport	Unsupported dataset by repository
PrimarySubmitter	BRAY FABRICE
SpeciesList	scientific name: Rhinocerotidae; NCBI TaxID: 9803; scientific name: Ursus spelaeus; NCBI TaxID: 39097; scientific name: Panthera spelaea; NCBI TaxID: 2770979; scientific name: Bos primigenius; NCBI TaxID: 9909;
ModificationList	monohydroxylated residue; deamidated residue; iodoacetamide derivatized residue
Instrument	Q Exactive Plus

Revision	Datetime	Status	ChangeLog Entry
0	2024-09-06 04:33:23	ID requested
⏵ 1	2025-07-04 06:33:26	announced

10.1038/S41598-025-08588-W;

submitter keyword: paleoproteomics,Scladina Cave, cave lion

fabrice bray
contact affiliation	​​Laboratoire MSAP UAR 3290 CNRS Bâtiment C4 Avenue Paul Langevin Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve D'ascq 03 20 33 71 12 https://msap-lab.fr/
contact email	fabrice.bray@univ-lille.fr
lab head
BRAY FABRICE
contact affiliation	MSAP USR 3290
contact email	fabrice.bray@univ-lille.fr
dataset submitter

Dataset FTP location NOTE: Most web browsers have now discontinued native support for FTP access within the browser window. But you can usually install another FTP app (we recommend FileZilla) and configure your browser to launch the external application when you click on this FTP link. Or otherwise, launch an app that supports FTP (like FileZilla) and use this address: ftp://ftp.pride.ebi.ac.uk/pride/data/archive/2025/07/PXD055624

PRIDE project URI

• PRIDE
  1. PXD055624
     1. Label: PRIDE project
     2. Name: Earliest evidence of Neanderthal multifunctional bone tool production from cave lion (Panthera spelaea) remains