PXD027613-1

PXD027613 is an original dataset announced via ProteomeXchange.

Title	Paleofeces Analysis from Iron Age Hallstatt Salt Miners
Description	Paleofeces are an important source of information to study the evolution of dietary habits and human health. The UNESCO World Heritage region of Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut is one of Europe’s oldest cultural and industrial landscapes; its underground salt mines dating back at least to the 14th century BC are one of the few archaeological sites where paleofeces are well preserved. The high salt concentrations and the constant annual temperature at around 8°C inside the isolated Hallstatt mines have perfectly preserved organic archaeological artefacts (e.g. paleofeces, clothing, mining tools) that provide unique insights into the daily life of a progressive community in Hallstatt. Here we subjected human paleofeces dated from the Bronze Age to early Modern Times to an in-depth microscopic, metagenomic and proteomic analysis. This allowed us to reconstruct the diet of the former population and gain insights into their ancient gut microbiome composition. Our dietary survey identified bran and glumes of different cereals as one of the most prevalent plant fragments. This highly fibrous, carbohydrate-rich diet was supplemented with proteins from broad beans and occasionally with fruits, nuts, or animal food. Linked to these traditional dietary habits all ancient miners up to the early Modern times have gut microbiome structures akin to modern non-Westernized individuals which may indicate a shift in the gut community composition of modern Westernized populations due to quite recent dietary and lifestyle changes. When we extended our microbial survey to fungi present in the paleofeces, we observed in one of the Iron Age samples a high abundance of Penicillium roqueforti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Genome-wide analysis indicates that both fungi were involved in food fermentation and provide the first molecular evidence for blue cheese and beer consumption during Iron Age Europe.
HostingRepository	PRIDE
AnnounceDate	2021-11-02
AnnouncementXML	Submission_2021-11-02_04:51:32.969.xml
DigitalObjectIdentifier
ReviewLevel	Peer-reviewed dataset
DatasetOrigin	Original dataset
RepositorySupport	Unsupported dataset by repository
PrimarySubmitter	Michael Hoopmann
SpeciesList	scientific name: Homo sapiens (Human); NCBI TaxID: 9606;
ModificationList	monohydroxylated residue; deamidated residue
Instrument	Orbitrap Eclipse

Revision	Datetime	Status	ChangeLog Entry
0	2021-07-27 22:49:22	ID requested
⏵ 1	2021-11-02 04:51:33	announced

Dataset with its publication pending

submitter keyword: Human, feces, paleofeces, Hallstatt, iron age, salt mine, ancient

Robert L. Moritz
contact affiliation	Institute for Systems Biology
contact email	robert.moritz@systemsbiology.org
lab head
Michael Hoopmann
contact affiliation	Institute for Systems Biology
contact email	michael.hoopmann@systemsbiology.org
dataset submitter

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PRIDE project URI

• PRIDE
  1. PXD027613
     1. Label: PRIDE project
     2. Name: Paleofeces Analysis from Iron Age Hallstatt Salt Miners