Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for kidney failure, offering improved survival, quality of life and cost-effectiveness compared to dialysis. However, post-transplant management is challenging due to the limited lifespan of transplanted organs, often requiring repeat transplants. Current methods for monitoring post-transplant complications are invasive and have limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel non-invasive biomarkers. This study investigates the proteomic composition of full urine as a source of information to understand renal biology during the process of transplantation and to identify potential markers for outcome prediction. Urine samples were collected from donors (timepoint A) before transplantation and from recipients 4 weeks (timepoint B) and 1 year (timepoint C) after transplantation. Proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry and label-free quantification. This study underscores the potential of non-invasive urine proteomics for identifying biological processes involved in the response of a kidney to transplantation and for enhancing post-transplant monitoring and outcome prediction.