This dataset contains extracellular proteomic profiling (exoproteome) of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman wild-type (WT/pYJ335), fur deletion mutant (Δfur/pYJ335), and fur-complemented strain (Δfur/p-fur) cultured in RPMI plus 1% casamino acids (CA) for 9 h. Proteins in culture supernatants were precipitated with 10% TCA, digested with trypsin, and analyzed via DIA-MS (dia-PASEF mode) on an EvoSep One coupled with a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer. The study investigates the direct and indirect transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory impact of Fur on S. aureus exoprotein expression.