Following spinal cord injury, neurogenic bladder is closely associated with impaired bladder sensation, storage, and voiding functions. Proteomic analysis of bladder tissue from spinal cord–injured rats can systematically characterize changes in the bladder microenvironment and molecular composition, identifying differentially expressed proteins involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue remodeling, smooth muscle contraction, and neural regulation. This study may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury and provide potential biomarkers and a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and targeted treatment of neurogenic bladder.