This study investigated the proteomic profiles of Escherichia coli under different MBIC treatment levels using data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics. The dataset included five experimental groups (A-E), with four biological replicates per group, resulting in a total of 20 biological samples. Group A was treated with 2× MBIC, group B with 1× MBIC, group C with 1/2× MBIC, group D with 1/4× MBIC, and group E with 0× MBIC. Peptides were analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS using a Vanquish neo nano-UPLC system coupled to an Astral mass spectrometer. The acquired DIA data were processed using Spectronaut for protein identification and quantitative analysis. The dataset contains the raw mass spectrometry data together with the associated protein and peptide identification and quantification results.