Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue regeneration, yet their rapid response mechanisms to nutrient deprivation remain poorly understood. This study investigates the rapid adaptive self-protection mechanisms of MSCs under nutrient-deprived conditions, focusing on the role of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in mediating this protective response. Proteomics analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways involved in this process. The findings reveal a dynamic self-protective mechanism mediated by AQP1, providing new insights into MSC survival strategies.