Pseudomonas aeruginosa can adhere to and be internalized by airway epithelial cells, but the host and bacterial responses during bacterial adhesion and intracellular infection remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized the proteomes of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and CuFi-5 human airway epithelial cells carrying the cystic fibrosis-associated CFTR ΔF508 mutation. Experimental groups included uninfected CuFi-5 cells, planktonic PAO1, and CuFi-5 cells with adhered or intracellular PAO1. The experimental design included low- and high-calcium conditions. Proteomic profiles were determined using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics.