Compartment-resolved spatial proteomes of human oral squamous cell carcinoma, generated from separately microdissected axon, tumor and cancer-associated fibroblast regions. Tumor regions were stratified as nerve-distant, nerve-adjacent and nerve-invaded, revealing a progressive shift toward an invasive, matrix-remodeling state near nerves, together with distinct protein profiles of sympathetic axons and fibroblasts that define the nerve–myofibroblast–tumor invasion niche in OSCC.