Quantitative tandem-mass-tag (TMT10-plex) proteomic profiling of hamster BHK-21 cells maintained at 37 °C versus cells exposed to 4 °C (four replicates per condition). Peptides were fractionated by offline high-pH reversed-phase chromatography and analyzed on a Thermo Orbitrap Eclipse. This dataset accompanies a study of the cellular response to prolonged cold, and is paired with RNA-seq data