This project investigates the role of magnesium-induced phase separation of UBXN1 protein in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which magnesium promotes UBXN1 condensation and affects PAH-related signaling pathways, using both cellular models and animal experiments. Our findings may provide new insights into the therapeutic targeting of phase separation in vascular diseases.