A total of 8,473 proteins were identified, with 1,558 proteins sub-jected to quantitative analysis. Using the above criteria of fold-change thresholds of 1.2 (upregulation) and 0.83 (downregulation), 328 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified , of which 156 were downregulated and 172 were upregulated. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to collectively characterize the 328 DEPs. The vast majority of GO biological process (BP) terms are related to inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, such as antigenic-induced acute inflammatory reaction, positive regula-tion of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and nitric oxide transport. Notably, the GO cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF) categories highlighted key terms in-cluding hemoglobin interaction and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) binding, both of which are implicated in inflammatory response and oxidative stress.