Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from ULK1 knockout (ULK1⁻/⁻) mice and wild-type mice, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed with ULK1 and IgG serving as bait proteins, aiming to specifically enrich the protein complexes bound to each of them. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology, combined with database retrieval and analysis using MaxQuant software, was applied to systematically screen and identify the proteins that interact with ULK1 and TLR4 in macrophages.