Although previous studies have preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism by which AtZSP1 regulates organ size through the cytokinin metabolic pathway, it remains unclear whether this small peptide is also involved in regulating other plant growth and developmental processes, and whether there are additional interacting proteins beyond ROCK1 that cooperate in its function. Therefore, to systematically screen for potential target proteins that may interact with AtZSP1, proximity labeling‑based proteomic studies were conducted, and several novel mitochondria‑associated candidate proteins interacting with AtZSP1 were identified, aiming to comprehensively elucidate the multi‑level biological functions of AtZSP1 in plant growth, development, and stress response.