Label-free quantitative proteomic profiling of duodenum tissue from female Balb/c mice subjected to a 3-week dietary intervention. Mice were randomly assigned to a Control group fed a standard gluten-containing diet (group a, n=6) or a Deficiency group fed a nutritionally matched gluten-free diet (group b, n=6), and sacrificed at week 3. Duodenal proteins were extracted in RIPA buffer, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by online nanoLC-MS/MS on a Bruker timsTOF mass spectrometer coupled to a nanoElute UHPLC system, operating in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode with parallel-accumulation–serial-fragmentation (dia-PASEF). Raw .d data were processed with against the UniProt Mus musculus Swiss-Prot reference proteome (17,252 entries, downloaded 2026-05-18) with peptide and protein FDR controlled at 1%. Differentially expressed proteins were defined as |log2 fold change| >= 1 with Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted P < 0.05.