Primary mouse BMDMs were cultured in vitro and divided into three groups: uninfected (blank), S. aureus-infected (control), and S. aureus-infected with Mn²⁺ treatment (Mn²⁺). A total of 9 samples were analyzed (n = 3 per group). The blank group received no treatment, the control group was stimulated with S. aureus for 12 h, and the Mn²⁺ group was pretreated with 100 μM Mn²⁺ for 12 h before S. aureus stimulation for 12 h in the continued presence of 100 μM Mn²⁺.