Sugarcane cultivation is a vital component of the agricultural economy in southern China. Investigating internode development in sugarcane is crucial for optimizing cultivation management practices and improving cane yield. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome to identify key molecular components and elucidate biological pathways involved in the internode development in sugarcane. Accordingly, exogenous gibberellin (GA) predominantly promoted internodal elongation, rather than nodal expansion. Following transcriptome and proteome sequencing, 3D principal component analysis (PCA) based on both datasets revealed a clear separation between the GA-treated and control groups.