Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining for CD11b, CD168, CD8, and PanCK was performed on 10 surgically resected colon cancer samples. Based on the staining results, CD168+ TAMs coated tumor regions (CCTRs) were identified. According to the number and area ratio of CCTRs in the different tissues, the samples were divided into a low-CCTR group (n=6) and a high-CCTR group (n=4).Subsequently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from matched preoperative baseline plasma samples and subjected to proteomic analysis.