In this study, a proteomic strategy was employed to explore the potential mechanisms through which CS and PCS exert therapeutic effects against POI. The results indicated that both CS and PCS might alleviate POI by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. These compounds could delay or reverse the progression of POI by activating metabolic-related pathways, such as AMPK, promoting the synthesis of antioxidant substances, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors, and coordinating ribosomal function with anti-apoptotic signaling to maintain metabolic and functional homeostasis in ovarian cells. Core proteins, including P63245, P10719, and P04636, may serve as key therapeutic targets for these effects.