Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent, disabling degenerative joint disorder, progresses due to cartilage lubrication failure and excessive inflammation. Inspired by the structure and function of natural lubricin on cartilage surface, this study develops Janus hydrogel microspheres with independent, asymmetric adhesive and lubricating compartments (Janus-Cur@Ms) via a biofriendly oil-free microfluidic platform. The spatially decoupled adhesive and lubricating functionalities enable stable cartilage adhesion, reduced off-target effect, and enhanced lubrication performance, thus overcoming the inherent conflict between adhesion and lubrication. This adhesion-enhanced lubrication synergizes with the anti-inflammatory effect of loaded curcumin, producing a combined therapeutic effect against OA. In vitro, Janus-Cur@Ms promote anabolism and suppress catabolism in primary chondrocytes, thereby restoring cellular function. In a rabbit OA model, Janus-Cur@Ms alleviate cartilage injury, delay joint space narrowing, inhibits pathological subchondral bone resorption, and reduces cartilage matrix loss, collectively attenuating OA progression. In summary, Janus-Cur@Ms simultaneously address multiple pathological hallmarks of OA through synergistic adhesion-enhanced lubrication and anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy.