Proteomic characterization of patient-derived lung tumoroids and matched healthy lung organoids compared to their parental tumor and healthy lung tissues from NSCLC patients. The study validates that tumoroids preserve tumor-specific proteomic signatures and identifies proteomic signatures potentially driving resistance and susceptibility to standard of care and CAR T-cell therapy. Comparative analyses assess preservation of tumor proteomic landscapes, differential expression between tumor and healthy samples, and tumor-associated antigen expression profiles.