Colonization with Paleniella intestinalis bypasses genetic resistance, consistently72 inducing arthritis incidence in non-susceptible C57BL/6 mice; P. intestinalis activates colonic CD11b + CD11c+ myeloid cells, driving systemic Th1774 cell differentiation; In vitro, outer membrane vesicles from P. intestinalis or RA-derived S. copri RPC0176 primed DCs that drive Th17 differentiation in an IL-6-dependent manner;Transfer of P. intestinalis-primed DCs or its outer membrane vesicles alone increases78 arthritis incidence in non-susceptible C57BL/6 mice