This project presents a comprehensive spatiotemporal proteomic analysis of lipid droplets (LDs) isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis across five distinct life cycle stages: green vegetative motile (HPLDs-1), green nonmotile (HPLDs-2), brown nonmotile (HPLDs-3), orange nonmotile (HPLDs-4), and red nonmotile cyst (HPLDs-5). Using TMT-based quantitative proteomics, we identified and quantified 3,396 high-confidence LD-associated proteins, revealing dynamic stage-specific proteome remodeling during the encystment process. Functional annotations and enrichment analyses highlight the roles of LDs in lipid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, energy homeostasis, vesicular transport, and oxidative stress response. Notably, we observed significant enrichment of chloroplast-, mitochondrial-, and ER-derived proteins, as well as ribosomal components, suggesting LDs function as multifunctional metabolic hubs that actively coordinate astaxanthin accumulation and cellular adaptation to stress. This dataset provides a valuable resource for understanding LD biology in microalgae and supports further efforts in metabolic engineering for astaxanthin production.