Haemaphysalis longicornis is a blood-sucking ectoparasitic arthropod capable of transmitting various pathogens, posing a serious threat to livestock production and human health. During its prolonged non-parasitic phase, starvation represents one of the major survival challenges it faces. To cope with such nutrient stress, ticks have evolved highly specialized starvation-resistant mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that the expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) is significantly upregulated in the Malpighian tubules of H. longicornis under starvation. This study further employed techniques such as RNA interference, proteomics, and transmission electron microscopy to systematically investigate the role of Prx in sustaining the survival ability of H. longicornis during prolonged starvation. The experimental results demonstrated that silencing Prx significantly accelerated the mortality of ticks under starvation and induced changes in the expression levels of multiple proteins, indicating that Prx plays a critical role in the starvation stress response. These findings suggest that Prx may serve as a novel molecular target for tick control, with potential application value.