Currently, few studies have been performed on the function of peptides coding by open reading frames (ORFs) from annotated non-coding regions, especially the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). The translated ORFs from 5'-UTRs (5'-ORFs) have been proved that they negatively affect the translation of their main ORFs, but there is little comprehension on 3'-ORFs. This study analyzed the genomic translational regulation events of ten development stages of maize anthers and demonstrated that the peptides translated by 5'- or 3'-ORFs may be misidentified isoforms and the 3'-ORFs may relate to anther sterility, such as the cloned APV1 locus, whose mutation caused male sterility. Furthermore, the global translation events indicated photosynthesis related genes enriched during Phase III, the binucleate microspore phase. The stomata in the anthers and low electron transport rate suggested that they can assimilate CO2 with low photosynthetic efficiency. This study proposed new avenues for the potential creation of male-sterile mutants using 3'-ORFs for hybrid breeding and new evidence of anther photosynthesis.