This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of specific medium chain fatty acids in a cellular model of cancer. These fatty acids are provided in the medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet, that is a widely used treatment for patients with drug resistant epilepsy, where the diet is commonly considered to function through the production of ketones. Ketogenic diets are also increasingly being investigated for the treatment of various cancers. One recent advance in the field was the identification of several therapeutic mechanisms for one of these fatty acids, decanoic acid, independent of ketosis. In addition, a recent clinical trial of a new MCT blend containing elevated levels of decanoic acid provided seizure control without ketosis, confirming a ketone-independent therapeutic mechanism. The cellular role of this new MCT blend in cancer treatment has not been examined. Here, we investigate decanoic acid and the new MCT blend on cancer cell biology using U251 cells, a human glioblastoma-derived cancer line, treated in culture with therapeutically relevant concentrations of decanoic acid and the new MCT blend, for a period of time that has been shown to trigger metabolic changes in patients. The cellular mechanism of these medium chain fatty acids where then investigated a proteomic level.