Proteomic sequencing was performed on 5 prostate cancer patient tissues and 5 benign prostatic hyperplasia patient tissues collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University. Differential genes related to the prognosis of prostate cancer were identified, and enrichment analysis was conducted on prostate cancer patients based on these genes to clarify the biological functions in prostate cancer cells that significantly affect cancer cell progression. Lactylation modification proteomic sequencing revealed the sites in prostate cancer that promote prostate cancer progression due to lactylation modification, providing potential therapeutic methods for the treatment of prostate cancer.