Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a major component of airborne particulate matter (PM), are strongly associated with the development of both acute and chronic upper airway inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of prolonged daily exposure to low-dose DEPs on the maturation of primary human nasal epithelium (PHNE). PHNE cultured under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions were exposed to 0.5μg cm-² of DEPs for 5 hours daily from ALI day 1 to day 23. PHNE samples were subsequently collected on ALI days 6, 12, and 24 and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. A total of 7,993 proteins were identified, with approximately half exhibiting time-dependent differential expression patterns throughout the course of PHNE maturation. To determine the proteins differentially expressed in response to DEP exposure, we conducted paired Student’s t-tests at each time point. Functional annotation clustering of these differentially expressed proteins revealed enrichment of gene ontology (GO) terms related to the inflammatory response on ALI day 6. By ALI day 24, several GO biological process (GO-BP) terms associated with cilia—such as cilium assembly, intraciliary transport, and cilium movement—were significantly enriched. In conclusion, our findings suggest that repeated daily exposure to low-dose DEPs can trigger an immune response via IL-1α and IL-17 signaling pathways during the early stages of PHNE maturation and further affect ciliogenesis by disrupting cilia assembly and motility during later stage of PHNE maturation.