In order to improve the utilization rate of straw, Cellomonas Iranensis (CE) , a cellulose-degrading bacterium, was isolated from the gut of termites by Congo red screening and filter paper degradation re-screening. The enzyme activities of endogenous glucosidase, exogenous glucosidase and β-glucosidase were determined at the levels of 0.097 u/mL, 0.316 u/mL and 0.110 u/mL. CE was inoculated into liquid medium with filter paper or glucose as the sole carbon source and fermented for 14 days. Further transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that rice straw-cultured CE was characterized by gene upregulation and gene downregulation compared with glucose-cultured CE.