To have a better understanding of other factors that could lead to the prevention or reduction of vibriosis, it is necessary to take a holistic view and consider interactions between Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the environment, marine microbiota and its transient or permanent host, bivalve molluscs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions on the abundance of V. parahaemolyticus in its natural habitat.