This study investigates the proteomic response of maize to flooding stress and evaluates the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) in mitigating flood-induced oxidative damage. Proteomic profiles of maize seedlings subjected to flooding, with and without Fe₂O₃ NP treatment, were compared to identify key proteins involved in the stress response. The role of nanoparticles in enhancing antioxidant defense and maintaining cellular redox balance was explored. Additionally, the influence of nanoparticle synthesis methods on their biological activity was assessed to optimize their application in crop stress management.