To increase the utilization rate of straw, the purpose of this study screened cellulose-degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of termites by Congo red primary screening and filter paper degradation re-screening test, which was Cellulomonas iranensis (CE). The enzyme activities of endoglucanase, exoglucose and β glucosidase of them were measured at 0.097 U/mL, 0.316 U/mL, 0.110 U/mL. PS was also inoculated in the liquid medium with rice straw or glucose as the sole carbon source for14 days fermentation. Further transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that rice straw cultured CE an upregulation of genes and a downregulation of genes, compared with glucose cultured PS.