This study investigates the biological and proteomic responses of maize to flooding stress and examines the effectiveness of green-synthesized reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles in alleviating flood-induced damage. Proteomic profiling was conducted to identify key stress-responsive proteins and understand the underlying mechanisms enhanced by rGO treatment. The study also examines the impact of eco-friendly synthesis on nanoparticle-plant interactions, highlighting the potential of sustainable nanotechnology in enhancing crop resilience under abiotic stress.