While triploid fish (3n = 150) exhibit superior antiviral capability relative to both diploid (2n = 100) and allotetraploid (4n = 200) progenitors, the molecular basis for this enhanced resistance remains poorly characterized. This study explores the proteomic responses of caudal fin cells from red crucian carp (2n), triploid hybrids (3n), and allotetraploid fish (4n) post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) challenge, focusing on how polyploidy affects cellular defense.