Despite the considerable decline of cervical cancer incidence in developed countries, the disease remains a public health problem in low-income and middle-income countries due to the low popularity of human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Mainly treated with radiotherapy, the number of recurrences linked to radioresistance increases in women suffering from this disease and constitutes a major obstacle. Here, we perform a multi-proteomics investigation of the early response to X-rays and carbon ion irradiation of HeLa cells in order to highlight the mechanisms of cell radioresistance.