Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on chronic wounds associated with diabetes, particularly focusing on its potential mechanisms for enhancing wound healing through the promotion of angiogenesis. While acupuncture has been shown to improve wound healing by enhancing blood supply and vascular regeneration, the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture in diabetic chronic wounds have not been sufficiently addressed. Methods A diabetic skin ulcer mouse model was established for this study. The effects of electroacupuncture on wound healing were assessed through evaluation of skin healing rates, ELISA assays, and histopathological analyses. Additionally, a tissue transparency three-dimensional imaging technique was utilized to establish a vascular model of wounds on day 10, clarifying the impact of electroacupuncture on angiogenesis during the proliferation phase in diabetic mouse skin wound models. Proteomic analysis was conducted to identify potential targets and mechanisms by which electroacupuncture regulates diabetic wound healing, further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB). Results The experimental results demonstrated that electroacupuncture significantly promotes wound healing in diabetic mice, reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 during the inflammatory phase, decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, and increases collagen synthesis. Proteomic analysis indicated that electroacupuncture may facilitate diabetic wound healing by enhancing endothelial cell proliferation and modulating angiogenic morphogenesis. Furthermore, electroacupuncture was shown to upregulate the expression of CXCL12 and its co-localization with CXCR4, while promoting the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, thereby enhancing the expression of VEGF and improving angiogenesis. Three-dimensional tissue transparency imaging provided comprehensive visual evidence of the angiogenic effects induced by electroacupuncture. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that electroacupuncture activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to promote vascular regeneration, thereby improving the healing process of diabetic skin wounds in mice.