Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represents a pattern of injuries seen in histopathology rather than a distinct disease. Presently, FSGS is categorized into primary, genetic, and secondary types, although these subcategories probably encompass significantly diverse pathogeneses. Here, we performed liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS)-based proteomics analysis on serum samples from patients with pFSGS, and other proteinuric diseases (including secondary FSGS), as well as healthy controls. We aimed to identify plasma profiles, which could distinguish different FSGS subtypes, as well as other renal diseases.