The data in this study were obtained from proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses of bull sperm during the cryopreservation process, with or without the addition of melatonin. The experiment employed TMT-10 plex labeling technology to analyze the proteome and phosphoproteome of three groups: before sperm cryopreservation, after cryopreservation without melatonin, and after cryopreservation with melatonin.