Velvet antler is an organ composed of skin, nerves, blood vessels, cartilage and other tissues. Due to its ability to regenerate annually, it is used as a model for regeneration and medical research into cartilage related diseases. The study of the growth and development mechanisms of antlers has been the focus of many scholars. According to histological studies, antlers can be divided from distal to proximal into four tissue layers related to cartilage formation: reserve mesenchyme (RM), pre-cartilage (PC), transition zone (TZ), and cartilage area (CA). This study aims to identify key genes and pathways regulating antler growth and chondrogenesis by analyzing gene and protein expression levels in the four tissue layers (RM, PC, TZ, CA) of antlers.