Senescence of Osmanthus fragrans petals is a complex process. It has been shown that ethylene is involved in plant senescence and that treatment of plants with ethylene alters their transcriptome and proteome expression levels. However, we know little about the role played by ethylene in post-transcriptional modifications and the link between post-translational modifications and the proteome. In this study, we analyzed ethylene-induced petal senescence response in O. fragrans using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. The results showed that ethylene induction led to the up-regulation of genes involved in protein degradation and the down-regulation of amino acid biosynthesis genes in O. fragrans petals, and some genes involved in hormone synthesis and signaling were also up-regulated, including genes related to ROS regulation and genes related to cell wall enhancement. The findings indicate that ethylene can trigger senescence in the petals of O. fragrans. Additionally, ethylene treatment influenced the floral composition of O. fragrans, uncovering the correlation between the aging process of the flower and alterations in its fragrance profile.The transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of ethylene-induced petal senescence in O. fragrans offer theoretical insights into the understanding of plant senescence, and this knowledge will also aid in extending the duration of flower blooming.