In this study, we collected plasma samples from 22 healthy controls (HC group), 43 hospitalized patients (HO group), 196 convalescent patients 6 months after COVID-19 infection (first follow-up, F1 group), and 181 convalescent patients 12 months after COVID-19 infection (second follow-up, F2 group). The participants completed a questionnaire-based survey on their clinical symptoms. Subsequently, 442 plasma samples from all participants were processed for LC-MS/MS-based proteomic detection.