Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis, which can lead to irreversible joint damage as well as cardiovascular and respiratory system damage. The Qingre Huoxue Decoction is a Chinese medicine compound that has been clinically proven to be effective in treating RA, but its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. This study identified 83 differentially expressed proteins, including 46 upregulated proteins and 37 downregulated proteins, through proteomic analysis of the serum of RA patients before and after 24 weeks of treatment with Qingre Huoxue Decoction and healthy human. Among them, FBP1 protein may be a potential therapeutic target of Qingre Huoxue Decoction.