Cerebral ischemia, commonly resulting from an ischemic stroke, can lead to significant cognitive impairments due to neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, plays a crucial role in modulating synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. Research suggests that targeting the CB1 receptor could offer a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate cognitive deficits following cerebral ischemia. Modulating CB1 receptor activity, either through agonists or antagonists, has been shown to influence key pathways involved in neuroprotection and inflammation, potentially enhancing recovery of cognitive functions. Understanding the mechanisms by which CB1 receptor modulation affects brain recovery post-ischemia could pave the way for novel treatments aimed at reducing the long-term cognitive impact of ischemic strokes.