Senescence related markers have been widely studied in leaves in many plant species. Root senescence is more difficult to characterize. Here we analyse the evolution of rapeseed root proteome during the reproductive stage when monocarpic senescence and grain filling occur. We compare this evolution between two different root compartments, the taproot, which has a storage function and the lateral roots, which have an absorption function. This comparison was carried out in hydroponic culture under nitrogen limiting conditions, which are known to exacerbate senescence and proteolysis in leaves. The shotgun proteomic approach has enabled us to highlight the identification of root senescence marker. This analysis shows two different behaviours between the two root organs and provides a temporal analysis of the change in the proteome. The analysis of protease changes provides a list of candidates that may play a role in nitrogen and carbohydrate remobilization from taproot to the shoot and flowering organs.