Proteomics was used to reveal the biochemical mechanisms affecting fish quality characteristics. Bioinformatics analysis of differential abundant proteins (DAPs) showed that the effects of the coating were related to the cellular process, skeleton structure, and enzymatic activity. Meanwhile, 65 DAPs which related to quality changes were further screened out, and most DAPs showed up-regulation in coated fish fillets compared to the control, including myosin heavy chain, myosin-7, T-complex protein 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP (+)), 40S ribosomal protein, and HSPs, while Prdx-6 showed down-regulation.