Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, integral to cellular repolarization, are potential therapeutic targets in neuroinflammatory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The Kv1.3 channel, pivotal in microglial activation and striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCINs) excitability, has garnered attention. This study explores oneTityus bahiensis scorpion venom peptide, identified as αKtx12 a potent inhibitor of Kv1.3, Kv1.2, and Shaker subtypes. In SH-SY5Y cells, αKtx12 significantly enhances viability, validating its pharmacological potential. Animal models elucidate αKtx12's CNS mechanism. Neuroproteomic analyses highlight αKtx12 as a valuable tool for characterizing neuroplasticity and neurotrophism, revealing its ability to elicit more physiological responses than mere electrical impediments. The peptide's potential to promote cellular proliferation and neuroprotection suggests a role in functional recovery from nervous system injury or disease.