Neuropathic pain, a consequence of somatosensory nervous system injury or disease, is commonly associated with cancer and its treatments, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, the mechanisms underlying CIPN-induced proteome aggregation remain elusive due to limited detection tools. Here, we present a combined approach employing fluorescence imaging and proteomic sensors to comprehensively study proteome aggregation in neuronal cells subjected to CIPN. The AggStain imaging probe sensitively detected proteome aggregation, while the AggLink proteomic sensor captured and profiled aggregated proteins. This integrative sensor system offers novel insights into proteome aggregation dynamics in CIPN and highlights its potential for broader applications in assessing proteome stability under various conditions.