Rhesus macaques that were exposed to sevoflurane on three occasions during the early postnatal period (days 7, 21, and 35) showed signs of anxiety and impaired visual recognition memory, according to previous studies. By using this animal model, we were able to study the changes in proteomics and RNA sequencing in the prefrontal cortex of rhesus macaques after sevoflurane anesthesia.Proteomics analysis of the brain found that the functions of different proteins expressed after sevoflurane exposure in rhesus macaques were mainly related to mitochondrial respiration.