Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders with high disability. Hyposecretion of dopamine (DA) is the final pathological outcome of PD occurrence. Unfortunately, safe and efficient therapeutic drugs are deficient. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for DA synthesis, could hydroxylate tyrosine and generate levodopa with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an indispensable coenzyme. Moreover, BH4 was confirmed to confer neuroprotection against PD. Thus, regulation of BH4 synthesis is verified to become a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. Here, this present study exhibited that artemisinin (ART) effectively produced neuroprotection against PD. Then, the combined analysis of midbrain proteomics with non-targeted metabolomics indicated that ART might target adenylate cyclase 5 (Adcy5) to increase GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (Gch1, BH4 synthetase) expression to further promote BH4 synthesis. To test this hypothesis, molecular docking showed that ART could bind to Adcy5 d