The study is based on the identification of serum protein biomarkers for NT 1. A total of 27 serum samples were collected (16 NT 1 and 11 controls), the altered expression levels of low-abundant proteins (DEPs) associated with narcolepsy type 1 was investigated by comparing the proteomes of the two sample cohorts. DEPs that are revealed to be most related to NT 1 pathogenesis and have high levels of fold changes were further targeted and validated by LC-PRM-MS. Then, the effects of the DEPs were explored by system biology analysis.